Are Colostrum Supplements Worth It? Here’s What a Dietitian Thinks

In This ArticleView AllIn This ArticleOur Top PicksReviewsWhat Are Colostrum Supplements?The Health BenefitsWe Also ConsideredThe Bottom LineOur Search for the Best Colostrum SupplementOur Trusted Expertise

In This ArticleView All

In This Article

View All

Our Top Picks

Reviews

What Are Colostrum Supplements?

The Health Benefits

We Also Considered

The Bottom Line

Our Search for the Best Colostrum Supplement

Our Trusted Expertise

Photo:EatingWell / Henry Wortock

EatingWell / Henry Wortock

Colostrum supplements are popping up all over social media and on store shelves. But is this a supplement you should consider adding to your daily routine?

I dug into the research, and it turns out colostrum may be a supplement to put on your radar—possibly even prioritize. Studies suggest that taking colostrum supplements can improve gut health, reduce inflammation, bolster immune function, lower your risk of catching the flu and upper respiratory infections, and relieve stomach and digestive issues. There’s also data to suggest supplementation may be particularly beneficial for athletes when it comes to restoring and maintaining immune and gut health—two things that extensive training takes a toll on. Granted, the amount of research on colostrum supplementation is still limited, so there’s much more to learn about itspotential therapeutic benefits. But the findings are fairly impressive and I found them hard to ignore.

I consultedDr. Keri Marshall, M.S., ND, a highly experienced healthcare provider and epidemiologist. Marshall’s background includes serving as an expert consultant to dietary supplement manufacturers when it comes to product development, selection of quality ingredients, and health protocols. She’s been a colostrum user and prescriber for over 20 years, and she regularly incorporates it into her patient’s treatment plans.

But before I dug into the details with Marshall, I had to ask: Does collecting bovine colostrum mean newborn calves are going without their “liquid gold”? Marshall assured me that the calves' needs are fully met before collection, and she explained that cows produce an excessive amount of colostrum. Only once newborn calves’ needs are met is the extra collected for supplements.

The Health Benefits of Bovine Colostrum

Our Top PicksBest Overall:Life’s First Naturals Colostrum Powder at Amazon$40Jump to ReviewAlso Great:ARMRA Colostrum Premium Powder at Amazon$48Jump to ReviewBest for Kids:Life’s First Colostrum Chewables for Kids at Amazon$20Jump to ReviewBest Flavored Powder:Wondercow Elderberry Colostrum Powder at Amazon$65Jump to Review

Best Overall:Life’s First Naturals Colostrum Powder at Amazon$40Jump to ReviewAlso Great:ARMRA Colostrum Premium Powder at Amazon$48Jump to ReviewBest for Kids:Life’s First Colostrum Chewables for Kids at Amazon$20Jump to ReviewBest Flavored Powder:Wondercow Elderberry Colostrum Powder at Amazon$65Jump to Review

Best Overall:Life’s First Naturals Colostrum Powder at Amazon$40Jump to Review

Best Overall:Life’s First Naturals Colostrum Powder at Amazon$40

Best Overall:

Also Great:ARMRA Colostrum Premium Powder at Amazon$48Jump to Review

Also Great:ARMRA Colostrum Premium Powder at Amazon$48

Also Great:

Best for Kids:Life’s First Colostrum Chewables for Kids at Amazon$20Jump to Review

Best for Kids:Life’s First Colostrum Chewables for Kids at Amazon$20

Best for Kids:

Best Flavored Powder:Wondercow Elderberry Colostrum Powder at Amazon$65Jump to Review

Best Flavored Powder:Wondercow Elderberry Colostrum Powder at Amazon$65

Best Flavored Powder:

Best OverallLife’s First Naturals Colostrum PowderPHOTO: Amazon$40 at AmazonView on Lifesfirstnaturals.comColostrum per dose:5 g |Independently verified:Yes |In-house tested:Yes |Price:$36 for 40 doses ($0.17/g) |Form:PowderWhat we like:The powder consists of ColostrumOne, a patented brand of colostrum that works directly with dairy farmers to source the colostrum.What to know:One dose (4 teaspoons) provides 5 grams, which is larger than most other brands, but this can easily be broken down into smaller dosages.Wondering what colostrum supplement Marshall takes and recommends to patients? It’s this powder from Life’s First Naturals. This wasn’t a brand I was familiar with but once I started checking out the company and product line I quickly understood why she’s such a big fan. Life’s First Naturals uses a patented form of colostrum in its products known as ColostrumOne, whose manufacturers work directly with the dairy farmers to ensure a high-quality product is collected within the first 24 hours after birth and then processed in a manner to preserve the integrity of the many bioactive compounds. A brand rep for Life’s First Naturals also confirmed that the product undergoes both independent verification and in-house testing. The powder has a fluffy texture that works well in smoothies but can also be stirred into yogurt or other beverages.An added bonus is that this colostrum just so happens to also be the most inexpensive option on our list, priced at just $0.17 per 1 g dose.PHOTO: EatingWell / Henry WortockPHOTO: EatingWell / Henry WortockPHOTO: EatingWell / Henry Wortock

Best OverallLife’s First Naturals Colostrum PowderPHOTO: Amazon$40 at AmazonView on Lifesfirstnaturals.com

Best OverallLife’s First Naturals Colostrum Powder

Best Overall

Life’s First Naturals Colostrum Powder

PHOTO: Amazon

$40 at AmazonView on Lifesfirstnaturals.com

Colostrum per dose:5 g |Independently verified:Yes |In-house tested:Yes |Price:$36 for 40 doses ($0.17/g) |Form:Powder

What we like:The powder consists of ColostrumOne, a patented brand of colostrum that works directly with dairy farmers to source the colostrum.

What to know:One dose (4 teaspoons) provides 5 grams, which is larger than most other brands, but this can easily be broken down into smaller dosages.

Wondering what colostrum supplement Marshall takes and recommends to patients? It’s this powder from Life’s First Naturals. This wasn’t a brand I was familiar with but once I started checking out the company and product line I quickly understood why she’s such a big fan. Life’s First Naturals uses a patented form of colostrum in its products known as ColostrumOne, whose manufacturers work directly with the dairy farmers to ensure a high-quality product is collected within the first 24 hours after birth and then processed in a manner to preserve the integrity of the many bioactive compounds. A brand rep for Life’s First Naturals also confirmed that the product undergoes both independent verification and in-house testing. The powder has a fluffy texture that works well in smoothies but can also be stirred into yogurt or other beverages.

An added bonus is that this colostrum just so happens to also be the most inexpensive option on our list, priced at just $0.17 per 1 g dose.

PHOTO: EatingWell / Henry WortockPHOTO: EatingWell / Henry WortockPHOTO: EatingWell / Henry Wortock

Also GreatARMRA Colostrum Premium PowderPHOTO: Amazon$48 at AmazonView on Tryarmra.comColostrum per dose:1 g |Independently verified:Yes |In-house tested:Yes |Price:$110 for 120 doses ($0.92/g) |Form:PowderWhat we like:The powder has a slight granulated texture, which makes it easier to stir into thin liquids compared to other powders I tried. The brand offers both unflavored and three flavored options.What to know:It’s the most expensive on our list, coming in at around $0.92 per 1 g dose.If you’ve seen a colostrum ad lately, it’s a safe bet it was for the ARMRA brand. ARMRA’s marketing has quickly made its Immune Revival Colostrum powder a go-to among consumers, but ARMRA isn’t just about sleek presentation and sales hooks. The product is collected from grass-fed, rBST-free cows in the first 24 hours after birth and the colostrum is tested to ensure there are no traces of antibiotics. It’s processed using cold-chain pasteurization in a GMP-certified facility and employs independent verification, as well as its own in-house testing. The brand’s attention to delivering a high-quality product is impressive, and its website is a great source for colostrum research. Perhaps one of the biggest things that sets this colostrum apart is its slightly granulated texture, which makes the powder easier to stir into thin liquids, or if desired, simply place a scoop on the tongue to swallow.PHOTO: EatingWell / Henry WortockPHOTO: EatingWell / Henry WortockPHOTO: EatingWell / Henry Wortock

Also GreatARMRA Colostrum Premium PowderPHOTO: Amazon$48 at AmazonView on Tryarmra.com

Also GreatARMRA Colostrum Premium Powder

Also Great

ARMRA Colostrum Premium Powder

$48 at AmazonView on Tryarmra.com

Colostrum per dose:1 g |Independently verified:Yes |In-house tested:Yes |Price:$110 for 120 doses ($0.92/g) |Form:Powder

What we like:The powder has a slight granulated texture, which makes it easier to stir into thin liquids compared to other powders I tried. The brand offers both unflavored and three flavored options.

What to know:It’s the most expensive on our list, coming in at around $0.92 per 1 g dose.

If you’ve seen a colostrum ad lately, it’s a safe bet it was for the ARMRA brand. ARMRA’s marketing has quickly made its Immune Revival Colostrum powder a go-to among consumers, but ARMRA isn’t just about sleek presentation and sales hooks. The product is collected from grass-fed, rBST-free cows in the first 24 hours after birth and the colostrum is tested to ensure there are no traces of antibiotics. It’s processed using cold-chain pasteurization in a GMP-certified facility and employs independent verification, as well as its own in-house testing. The brand’s attention to delivering a high-quality product is impressive, and its website is a great source for colostrum research. Perhaps one of the biggest things that sets this colostrum apart is its slightly granulated texture, which makes the powder easier to stir into thin liquids, or if desired, simply place a scoop on the tongue to swallow.

Best for KidsLife’s First Colostrum Chewables for KidsPHOTO: Amazon$20 at AmazonView on Lifesfirstnaturals.comColostrum per dose:1 g |Independently verified:Yes |In-house tested:Yes |Price:$20 for 30 doses ($0.67/g) |Form:Chewable tabletWhat we like:One of the few chewable options available, these have a light berry yogurt-like flavor and contain the patented brand of colostrum—ColostrumOne.What to know:The dosage is two chewable tablets, which contain 15 calories and 1 g of added sugar.It’s tricky to find dietary supplements that your kids will actually take without complaints, but I think you’ll have great success with these berry-flavored chewables. They have a slightly sweet flavor that tastes a little like dried yogurt. While marketed to kids, these are also a great option for adults looking for an alternative to powders and capsules. Similar to the above pick from Life’s First Naturals, these also contain the proprietary ColostrumOne, whose manufacturers work closely with the dairy farmers at Grade A dairies and collect colostrum within the first 24 hours after birth. The sweetness in the chewables comes from a small amount of added sugar (1 g per two chewables), but we like that sugar is used rather than artificial sweetener like sucralose or aspartame that are common in powders and chewable tablets. “New research suggests that their effects [artificial sweeteners like sucralose] in the gut may actually negate or work against the gut healing benefits that colostrum offers,” says Marshall.PHOTO: EatingWell / Henry WortockPHOTO: EatingWell / Henry WortockPHOTO: EatingWell / Henry Wortock

Best for KidsLife’s First Colostrum Chewables for KidsPHOTO: Amazon$20 at AmazonView on Lifesfirstnaturals.com

Best for KidsLife’s First Colostrum Chewables for Kids

Best for Kids

Life’s First Colostrum Chewables for Kids

$20 at AmazonView on Lifesfirstnaturals.com

Colostrum per dose:1 g |Independently verified:Yes |In-house tested:Yes |Price:$20 for 30 doses ($0.67/g) |Form:Chewable tablet

What we like:One of the few chewable options available, these have a light berry yogurt-like flavor and contain the patented brand of colostrum—ColostrumOne.

What to know:The dosage is two chewable tablets, which contain 15 calories and 1 g of added sugar.

It’s tricky to find dietary supplements that your kids will actually take without complaints, but I think you’ll have great success with these berry-flavored chewables. They have a slightly sweet flavor that tastes a little like dried yogurt. While marketed to kids, these are also a great option for adults looking for an alternative to powders and capsules. Similar to the above pick from Life’s First Naturals, these also contain the proprietary ColostrumOne, whose manufacturers work closely with the dairy farmers at Grade A dairies and collect colostrum within the first 24 hours after birth. The sweetness in the chewables comes from a small amount of added sugar (1 g per two chewables), but we like that sugar is used rather than artificial sweetener like sucralose or aspartame that are common in powders and chewable tablets. “New research suggests that their effects [artificial sweeteners like sucralose] in the gut may actually negate or work against the gut healing benefits that colostrum offers,” says Marshall.

Best Flavored PowderWondercow Elderberry Colostrum PowderPHOTO: Amazon$65 at AmazonView on Wondercow.com

Best Flavored PowderWondercow Elderberry Colostrum Powder

Best Flavored Powder

Wondercow Elderberry Colostrum Powder

$65 at AmazonView on Wondercow.com

Colostrum per dose:2 g |Independently verified:Yes |In-house tested:Yes |Price:$65 for 60 doses ($0.54/g) |Form:Powder

What we like:This powder combines quality-sourced colostrum withelderberry extractto yield a lightly flavored creamy drink when mixed with water or milk (or any other beverage).

What to know:The powder is sweetened with plant-based sweeteners (stevia leaf and monk fruit) and a milk frother is recommended for mixing.

Heart & Soil Grass-Fed Colostrum(view at Amazon):The Heart & Soil brand focuses on animal products as the best source of nutrients and compounds severely lacking in today’s diet, and it emphasizes regenerative farming practices to promote the health of both the animals and land. This colostrum product undergoes independent verification and is free from hormones, antibiotics, and pesticides. However, the timeframe that the colostrum was collected in isn’t indicated—something I felt was important to know first considering the higher price: $74 for 30 doses ($0.82/g).

The Bottom Line: The Best Colostrum Supplements

Life’s First Naturals Colostrum Powder(view at Amazon) is our top choice because of its high-quality sourcing from Grade A grass-fed cows and collection within the first 24 hours after birth. We also like that the company uses both independent verification and in-house testing and costs less per gram than many competitors. A very close runner-up isARMRA Immune Revival Collagen(view at Amazon). Similar to Life’s First, ARMRA offers a high-quality product that’s collected within the first 24 hours and cold-processed to ensure the integrity of immune-boosting immunoglobulins. While ARMRA has a higher price compared to many others, the powder supplement has a slightly granulated texture that not only mixes well in both thick or thin liquids but can also be placed directly on the tongue and swallowed.

Choosing a Colostrum Supplement

Regardless of the form, Marshall says there are two main things to consider when selecting a colostrum supplement. First, you want a product that indicates the colostrum was collected within the first 24 hours of production, when the levels of immunoglobulins and bioactive compounds are highest.

The second is to select a product that indicates the colostrum was processed using a low-heat or cold treatment to preserve the immunoglobulins and other bioactive compounds. High temperatures will destroy colostrum’s good microbes, immune factors, and bioactive components.

Here are a few other factors to keep in mind when purchasing a colostrum supplement:

Look for ‘Grade A dairies’ on the label

Look for a mention of the colostrum coming from cows at Grade A dairies—that’s a good indicator that it’s coming from healthy, happy cows. Another factor to consider is if the colostrum is sourced from grass-fed cows, which usually consume a more nutrient-dense diet (and, thus, possibly make more nutrient-dense colostrum) compared to non-grass-fed cows. It’s helpful when colostrum brands provide these details on their label or website, but not seeing these details doesn’t always mean these practices weren’t followed.

You’ll also want to read the ingredient list and make a choice that aligns with your dietary goals. Many powders are pure colostrum, but some contain small amounts of an emulsifier like sunflower lecithin to keep the powder from caking. Capsules will contain gelatin in the ingredient list. If purchasing a flavored colostrum supplement, check the label carefully to determine what is used to provide that flavor and sweetness. Look for ones that use natural fruit and vegetable extracts for flavor and coloring, and ones that provide sweetness through a minimal amount of added sugar or plant extracts (such as stevia or monk fruit), rather than artificial colors or artificial sweeteners such as sucralose.

Check the dose per serving

We found that many colostrum supplements on the market come in doses of 1 g (the dose that Marshall recommends). Measured out this is about ½ to ¾ teaspoon of powder, or two to three capsules. A few colostrum supplements come in doses of 2 to 5 g.

Independent verification isn’t as helpful when choosing colostrum

In the case of colostrum supplements, it’s important to realize that independent verification only provides assurance that the product is contaminant-free. It does not consider when the colostrum was collected and how it was processed—two factors that Marshall considers most important when selecting a quality colostrum supplement. It’s also good to know that, unlike other dietary supplements that typically boast “independent" verification on the label, we found that colostrum brands often don’t include this on the label and often not even on their website. We had to contact the colostrum manufacturers to inquire about independent verification and in-house testing for most brands.

We researched numerous brands of colostrum supplements and interviewed a naturopathic doctor and epidemiologist who has an extensive background in consulting within the dietary supplement industry when it comes to quality ingredient sourcing and efficacy of products, including colostrum. The products on our list all contain colostrum that the manufacturer cites as being collected within the first 24 hours of production. We prioritized colostrum products that specified the colostrum was collected from grass-fed cows, free from antibiotics, and was cold or low-heat processed. Many of the products on our list are produced in a CGMP facility and have undergone independent verification and/or in-house testing.

Common Questions

How much colostrum should I take?

Research studies show that colostrum can provide beneficial health effects from as little as 0.5 g per day to as much as 60 g. However, benefits don’t necessarily appear to increase with larger dosages, and there’s strong evidence to suggest that just 0.5 to 1 g per day is adequate for health improvements. Marshall recommends a dose of 1 g, most days of the week, for people in good health. If you have a chronic condition or acute illness, she suggests taking 2 to 5 g several times a week until symptoms improve and then dropping down to a 1 g dose for maintenance.

What are the benefits of colostrum supplements?

Over 6,000 studies examining the benefits of colostrum supplementation have been published with the first one dating back as far as the 1960s. This may seem like a lot, but it’s considered a limited body of evidence from a research perspective. With that being said, there were loads of positive effects and outcomes. Some of the more compelling findings from recent human clinical trials were these:

How are colostrum supplements made?

What is the best time of day to take colostrum?

According to Marshall, there’s no “best” time to take colostrum, but she advises against taking it solo so that you can enhance its absorption. “[Colostrum] is better digested with proteins and fats, so I often suggest mixing it with something like a smoothie or yogurt.”

Carolyn Williams, Ph.D., RDN, is a registered dietitian, tenured college professor, and journalist who’s written on a host of nutrition and health topics. The relationship between diet and chronic inflammation is an area in which she specializes, and she co-hosts the podcast Happy Eating, which explores the connection that mental wellness has to diet and lifestyle. After researching colostrum supplements, Williams immediately added one to her supplement routine.

Keri Marshall, M.S., ND, is a highly experienced naturopathic doctor and epidemiologist, who has helped patients attain optimal health with natural solutions for over two decades. Marshall is an expert in women’s medicine, pediatrics, and chronic disease management. She operates an integrative medical practice in Wilmington, North Carolina, is CEO and co-founder of Virtu Health Solutions and Chomp Gums, and provides nutrition and research consulting services. She’s been taking colostrum supplements for over 20 years.

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SourcesEatingWell uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable and trustworthy.Buttar SA, Bagwe SM, Bhullar SK, Kaur G.Chapter 1 - Health Benefits of Bovine Colostrum in Children and Adults. In: Watson RR, Collier RJ, Preedy VR, eds.Dairy in Human Health and Disease Across the Lifespan. Academic Press; 2017:3-20. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-809868-4.00001-7Ooi TC, Ahmad A, Rajab NF, Sharif R.The Effects of 12 Weeks Colostrum Milk Supplementation on the Expression Levels of Pro-Inflammatory Mediators and Metabolic Changes among Older Adults: Findings from the Biomarkers and Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis.Nutrients. 2023;15(14):3184. doi:10.3390/nu15143184Barakat SH, Meheissen MA, Omar OM, Elbana DA.Bovine Colostrum in the Treatment of Acute Diarrhea in Children: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.J Trop Pediatr. 2020;66(1):46-55. doi:10.1093/tropej/fmz029Hałasa M, Baśkiewicz-Hałasa M, Jamioł-Milc J, Maciejewska-Markiewicz D, Skonieczna-Żydecka K.Bovine colostrum supplementation in prevention of upper respiratory tract infections – Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials.J Funct Foods. 2022; 99:105316. doi:/10.1016/j.jff.2022.105316Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Di Renzo A, et al.Prevention of Influenza Episodes With Colostrum Compared With Vaccination in Healthy and High-Risk Cardiovascular Subjects: The Epidemiologic Study in San Valentino.Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2007;13(2):130-136. doi:10.1177/1076029606295957Hałasa M, Maciejewska D, Baśkiewicz-Hałasa M, Machaliński B, Safranow K, Stachowska E.Oral Supplementation with Bovine Colostrum Decreases Intestinal Permeability and Stool Concentrations of Zonulin in Athletes. Nutrients. 2017; 9(4):370. doi:10.3390/nu9040370Cieślicka M, Ostapiuk-Karolczuk J, Buttar HS, Dziewiecka H, Kasperska A, Skarpańska-Stejnborn A.Effects of Long-Term Supplementation of Bovine Colostrum on Iron Homeostasis, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Female Athletes: A Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.Nutrients. 2022;15(1):186. doi:10.3390/nu15010186Chandwe K, Kelly P.Colostrum Therapy for Human Gastrointestinal Health and Disease.Nutrients. 2021; 13(6):1956. doi:10.3390/nu13061956

Sources

EatingWell uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable and trustworthy.Buttar SA, Bagwe SM, Bhullar SK, Kaur G.Chapter 1 - Health Benefits of Bovine Colostrum in Children and Adults. In: Watson RR, Collier RJ, Preedy VR, eds.Dairy in Human Health and Disease Across the Lifespan. Academic Press; 2017:3-20. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-809868-4.00001-7Ooi TC, Ahmad A, Rajab NF, Sharif R.The Effects of 12 Weeks Colostrum Milk Supplementation on the Expression Levels of Pro-Inflammatory Mediators and Metabolic Changes among Older Adults: Findings from the Biomarkers and Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis.Nutrients. 2023;15(14):3184. doi:10.3390/nu15143184Barakat SH, Meheissen MA, Omar OM, Elbana DA.Bovine Colostrum in the Treatment of Acute Diarrhea in Children: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.J Trop Pediatr. 2020;66(1):46-55. doi:10.1093/tropej/fmz029Hałasa M, Baśkiewicz-Hałasa M, Jamioł-Milc J, Maciejewska-Markiewicz D, Skonieczna-Żydecka K.Bovine colostrum supplementation in prevention of upper respiratory tract infections – Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials.J Funct Foods. 2022; 99:105316. doi:/10.1016/j.jff.2022.105316Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Di Renzo A, et al.Prevention of Influenza Episodes With Colostrum Compared With Vaccination in Healthy and High-Risk Cardiovascular Subjects: The Epidemiologic Study in San Valentino.Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2007;13(2):130-136. doi:10.1177/1076029606295957Hałasa M, Maciejewska D, Baśkiewicz-Hałasa M, Machaliński B, Safranow K, Stachowska E.Oral Supplementation with Bovine Colostrum Decreases Intestinal Permeability and Stool Concentrations of Zonulin in Athletes. Nutrients. 2017; 9(4):370. doi:10.3390/nu9040370Cieślicka M, Ostapiuk-Karolczuk J, Buttar HS, Dziewiecka H, Kasperska A, Skarpańska-Stejnborn A.Effects of Long-Term Supplementation of Bovine Colostrum on Iron Homeostasis, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Female Athletes: A Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.Nutrients. 2022;15(1):186. doi:10.3390/nu15010186Chandwe K, Kelly P.Colostrum Therapy for Human Gastrointestinal Health and Disease.Nutrients. 2021; 13(6):1956. doi:10.3390/nu13061956

EatingWell uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read oureditorial processto learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable and trustworthy.

Buttar SA, Bagwe SM, Bhullar SK, Kaur G.Chapter 1 - Health Benefits of Bovine Colostrum in Children and Adults. In: Watson RR, Collier RJ, Preedy VR, eds.Dairy in Human Health and Disease Across the Lifespan. Academic Press; 2017:3-20. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-809868-4.00001-7Ooi TC, Ahmad A, Rajab NF, Sharif R.The Effects of 12 Weeks Colostrum Milk Supplementation on the Expression Levels of Pro-Inflammatory Mediators and Metabolic Changes among Older Adults: Findings from the Biomarkers and Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis.Nutrients. 2023;15(14):3184. doi:10.3390/nu15143184Barakat SH, Meheissen MA, Omar OM, Elbana DA.Bovine Colostrum in the Treatment of Acute Diarrhea in Children: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.J Trop Pediatr. 2020;66(1):46-55. doi:10.1093/tropej/fmz029Hałasa M, Baśkiewicz-Hałasa M, Jamioł-Milc J, Maciejewska-Markiewicz D, Skonieczna-Żydecka K.Bovine colostrum supplementation in prevention of upper respiratory tract infections – Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials.J Funct Foods. 2022; 99:105316. doi:/10.1016/j.jff.2022.105316Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Di Renzo A, et al.Prevention of Influenza Episodes With Colostrum Compared With Vaccination in Healthy and High-Risk Cardiovascular Subjects: The Epidemiologic Study in San Valentino.Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2007;13(2):130-136. doi:10.1177/1076029606295957Hałasa M, Maciejewska D, Baśkiewicz-Hałasa M, Machaliński B, Safranow K, Stachowska E.Oral Supplementation with Bovine Colostrum Decreases Intestinal Permeability and Stool Concentrations of Zonulin in Athletes. Nutrients. 2017; 9(4):370. doi:10.3390/nu9040370Cieślicka M, Ostapiuk-Karolczuk J, Buttar HS, Dziewiecka H, Kasperska A, Skarpańska-Stejnborn A.Effects of Long-Term Supplementation of Bovine Colostrum on Iron Homeostasis, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Female Athletes: A Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.Nutrients. 2022;15(1):186. doi:10.3390/nu15010186Chandwe K, Kelly P.Colostrum Therapy for Human Gastrointestinal Health and Disease.Nutrients. 2021; 13(6):1956. doi:10.3390/nu13061956

Buttar SA, Bagwe SM, Bhullar SK, Kaur G.Chapter 1 - Health Benefits of Bovine Colostrum in Children and Adults. In: Watson RR, Collier RJ, Preedy VR, eds.Dairy in Human Health and Disease Across the Lifespan. Academic Press; 2017:3-20. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-809868-4.00001-7

Ooi TC, Ahmad A, Rajab NF, Sharif R.The Effects of 12 Weeks Colostrum Milk Supplementation on the Expression Levels of Pro-Inflammatory Mediators and Metabolic Changes among Older Adults: Findings from the Biomarkers and Untargeted Metabolomic Analysis.Nutrients. 2023;15(14):3184. doi:10.3390/nu15143184

Barakat SH, Meheissen MA, Omar OM, Elbana DA.Bovine Colostrum in the Treatment of Acute Diarrhea in Children: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.J Trop Pediatr. 2020;66(1):46-55. doi:10.1093/tropej/fmz029

Hałasa M, Baśkiewicz-Hałasa M, Jamioł-Milc J, Maciejewska-Markiewicz D, Skonieczna-Żydecka K.Bovine colostrum supplementation in prevention of upper respiratory tract infections – Systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of randomized controlled trials.J Funct Foods. 2022; 99:105316. doi:/10.1016/j.jff.2022.105316

Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Di Renzo A, et al.Prevention of Influenza Episodes With Colostrum Compared With Vaccination in Healthy and High-Risk Cardiovascular Subjects: The Epidemiologic Study in San Valentino.Clin Appl Thromb Hemost. 2007;13(2):130-136. doi:10.1177/1076029606295957

Hałasa M, Maciejewska D, Baśkiewicz-Hałasa M, Machaliński B, Safranow K, Stachowska E.Oral Supplementation with Bovine Colostrum Decreases Intestinal Permeability and Stool Concentrations of Zonulin in Athletes. Nutrients. 2017; 9(4):370. doi:10.3390/nu9040370

Cieślicka M, Ostapiuk-Karolczuk J, Buttar HS, Dziewiecka H, Kasperska A, Skarpańska-Stejnborn A.Effects of Long-Term Supplementation of Bovine Colostrum on Iron Homeostasis, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation in Female Athletes: A Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.Nutrients. 2022;15(1):186. doi:10.3390/nu15010186

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